Fisheries Program: Alaska Town Manages World-Class Trout

Fisheries Program: Alaska Town Manages World-Class Trout: BLM FISHERIES ALASKA ALASKA TOWN MANAGES WORLD-CLASS TROUT You may have heard of the plight of the Village of Kivalina, perched on...

Shad fishing and our American cultural legacy

Over here in the Washington DC area, the shad run is coming up in April/May and I am already getting stoked.  Over here in the Potomac the American shad runs overlap with hickory shad.  Last year's run was intense, albeit brief, but man was that fun. 

The shad run over here is a very important part of history and shad fishing has been identified as very culturally important to many of our early native people and presidents.  

As Americans, they are part of our cultural identity!  George Washington loved to eat shad and honed shad fishing into a business and fed his workers and sold the fish in the market.  

Since then, the shad fisheries on East Coast have really taken a pounding from over fishing, water pollution, and hundreds of passage barriers.  They have to migrate to and from the ocean and face multiple challenges throughout. 

Through hatchery programs and catch and release fishing, they are slowly recovering from near rock bottom. 

Did you know that shad are actually a type of herring? Shad have also evolved an ability to detect ultrasound. This ability is thought to help them avoid dolphins that find prey using echolocation.

Here are some more fun facts about American Shad: 

•        A.K.A. “common”, “white”, “Atlantic” shad
•        Large shoulder spot may be followed by 4-6 fainter spots
•        Lower jaw doesn’t extend much more than upper jaw
•        Historically recognized regional food fish with high commercial value
•        Current world record 11 pounds, 4 ounces
•        Average 20-24 inches (up to 30), the largest of all the shads
•        Schooling and highly migratory (anadromous)
•        Spend 3 to 6 years in the ocean before migrating upstream
•        Feed primarily on plankton, but also small crustaceans and small fish and eggs
•        Females spawn around age 5 or 6, males at age 4 or 5
•        Spawning occurs after sundown in gently sloping gravel or sandy bottom areas
•        Females broadcast batches of around 30k eggs into the water, males then fertilize
•        Each female can produce up to 600k eggs
•        Eggs are semi-buoyant and carried downstream with the current, hatch in 7-10 days
•        Start spawning once water temperatures have reached 55-68 degrees Fahrenheit
•        Can survive and make several spawning runs per lifetime (around 22-45% in the Potomac are repeat)
•        Feeding instinct triggered by factors such as water turbidity and temperature
•        Male fish are feisty jumpers and put up a good fight, female (roe) not as much
•        Generally stay fairly deep in the water column near the bottom unless water is high
•        Generally fished for with shad darts, and small spoons and spinners
•        They taste great, generally low in accumulated toxins, and very high in omega 3 but over here are catch and release only!

Here are some neat facts about Hickory Shad:

•        A.K.A. “hickory jacks” or “tailor” shad
•        Smaller cousins to the American shad in the herring family
•        Current world record 2 pounds, 14 ounces
•        Average 12-20 inches
•        Bluish-silver on the sides with a gray-green back
•        Dusky shoulder spot may be followed by several faint spots
•        Lower jaw extends much further than upper jaw
•        Females are larger than males
•        Low commercial value, but a popular sport fish
•        Feed primarily on small fish, but also will eat small squid and crustaceans
•        Schooling and highly migratory (anadromous)
•        Spawning run usually precedes that of American shad
•        Spawning occurs in a diversity of physical habitats ranging from backwaters to sloughs
•        Can survive and make several spawning runs per lifetime (around 30-60% here in the Potomac are repeat)
•        Females spawn between age 3 to 9, males at age 2 to 7
•        Hickory shad don’t really feed during the spawning run
•        It is believed that they hit the lures in aggressive spawning defense
•        Generally fished for with shad darts, and small spoons and spinners
•        In the Potomac, they are catch and release only!

Face upstream in surface flow seams to find fish

Wanna find fish that are feeding? Look for seams in surface water flow, especially where stream and river currents meet and form eddies or backwaters. 

 

Fish don't want to waste a lot of energy to stay in a current, but when they are open to feeding they love to be where food washes out of a current and is presented to them for easy pickings.  I would too.  Plunge pools, eddys, backwaters, around logs, and behind boulders are all excellent places to find stream flow seams and pretend your lure is also seeking out a place to take a break from the current.

Here one waiting for a snack...

Wanna avoid spooking fish and present your lure to look like a real fish?
 

Also keep in mind that juvenile fish will move both up and downstream almost always facing upstream.  This makes sense as it gives them an ability to control position as fish don't swim backwards very well.  So when presenting a lure facing and swimming downstream, in the fish world that ain't right. Fish will pick up on that. Only an injured fish would do that.

Guess which way is upstream?

 

 

Small fish almost always stick to the stream margins where there is lower stream veleocity.  Sticking to the banks also provides a measure comfort by providing cover from predators both in terms of water column and as well as have a whole bank side to not worry about...except for maybe getting picked off by herons.

It's a tough life! It's no wonder juvenile fish always have that scared look in their eyes and usally move under cover of night.

Instead of spooking them by dropping lures directly into these spots, try to present them by casting upstream and floating downstream into these seams.

Practice reading the surface flows and you will be rewarded.

Fish On!


(Photos Courtesy of BLM Fisheries Oregon, BLM Fisheries Idaho)